Business Types of Companies and Sole Proprietorship

BB003 Chapter 05 Choosing a Form of Business Ownership True / False Questions 1. The corporation is the most common form of business ownership. True False 2. The three major forms of business ownership in the U.S. are sole proprietorships, partnerships, and corporations. True False 3. Few people today start their own business. True False 4. Once a business is established, its almost impossible to change from one form of business ownership to another. True False 5. When two or more people legally agree to become co-owners of a business, the form of business is called a partnership. True False 6. A legal entity with authority to act and have liability separate from its owners is called a partnership. True†¦show more content†¦Unfortunately, the type of business he wants to start would require a fairly high initial investment and Rocky has a poor credit rating and very little personal wealth. Rocky would be unlikely to find success if he organized his business as a sole proprietorship. True False 25. A general partner takes an active role in the management of the business. True False 26. All partners in a general partnership have limited liability for the debts of their firm. True False 27. In a general partnership, all partners share in management of the business and in the liability for the firms debts. True False 28. In a general partnership, all partners are entitled to an equal share of the firms profits. True False 29. Limited partnerships are just like general partnerships, except that they are partners for a limited time period. True False 30. A limited partner is an owner who assumes no management responsibility and has no liability for losses beyond the amount invested. True False ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Multiple Choice Questions 1. The __________ is the most common form of business ownership. A. partnership B. corporation C. joint venture D. sole proprietorship 2. A ___________ is a form of business that is owned, and usually managed, by one person. A. closed corporation B. subchapter S corporation C. sole proprietorship D. limited partnership 3.Show MoreRelatedEssay On Business Structure1350 Words   |  6 PagesWhen brainstorming to start a business, it is essential to research the most efficient way to start a company and all the liabilities that can happen. Business can become successful with the right person in place and a unique idea. When making a company, it is crucial to determine the structure, which organization to start with and the liability that is involved. When taking a closer look at five different company structures Sole Proprietorship, General Partnership, Limited Partnership, S/C CorporationRead MoreThe Legal Forms Of Business1329 Words   |  6 Pagesforms of business, which consist of sole proprietorships, partnerships, and corporations. 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Sole proprietorship †¢ A business that is just owned by only one person, who receives all the profit for everything. Example of a sole proprietorship can be a hairdresser that buys a chair for their business and can get customers directly for them. 2. Partnership †¢ When

Persuasive Essay On Pollution - 2471 Words

We live in a world that offers so many things to us. A home, food, water, life itself, yet we don t take much care of it and are destroying it instead. The presence of pollution has been around for such a great amount of time now that you would expect us as humans, to start noticing the mass destruction we are causing and start doing something about it. Glaciers are melting, water levels are rising, the water and air around is being polluted if it s not polluted already. There is little being done to try and stop or at least slow down this fatal event. If we do not start taking care of our own home, we will soon be left with no home at all, and the only one’s we can blame for that, is ourselves. One of the many things that has been†¦show more content†¦This has been done over and over again throughout the years. All though plastic is biodegradable, it takes an average of 450 years for it to do so. Some bottles can take up to 1000 years for this to happen. By that time our planet will not be able to support such thing and will give up on us. Plastic usually breaks down into smaller and smaller pieces of plastic over the years before it to fully biodegrade. These tiny pieces of plastic are eaten by so many marine animals that live around them and every single animal that eats these tiny pieces are affected by it and many times die. All these tons of plastic don’t just disappear or get eaten by the animals though, they accumulate. The great pacific garbage patch is an example of this happening. This area is around 7 million tons heavy and twice the size of texas, it can also get 9 feet deep. Facts say that there is 6 times more plastic than plankton. In case you didn t know, plankton is the main food for many animals living in the ocean, from small fish to the great whale shark depend on plankton to stay alive. The great coral reef is an example of what the pollution in the ocean can do. The great barrier reef is considered the largest living thing in the whole world. All though it’s considered pretty young, it is around 500,000 years old. The reef is located off the coast of Northeastern Australia. Every part of the reef takes a couple of thousands of years to be formed. It is one of many beauties that nature has toShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Essay On Water Pollution1722 Words   |  7 Pageswe need water to survive, then why are polluting it? Most of our nation’s waterways are in terrible condition because of the pollution in the water. Water pollution not only can cause illnesses, but also deaths for humans. Humans aren’t the only thing that water pollution causes harm to. It is also hurting our ecosystem. Humans are the leading cause of most water pollution. We keep throwing wastes into the water making the water unsafe for humans to drink. Scientists are coming up with ways for humansRead MorePersuasive Essay On Ocean Pollution941 Words   |  4 Pagesland† (â€Å"Marine Problems†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ).   Pollution is mainly coming from the people. Marine pollution should be stopped because it is the cause of many problems and if something is done about it, people will see an increase in sea life and healthier waters. It makes its way into the ocean and kills marine life. Ocean pollution is affecting the way of fisherman and their everyday lives. It is also very bad on the community because pollution is very bad on tourism. Ocean pollution should be stopped because itRead MorePersuasive Essay On Plastic Pollution1111 Words   |  5 Pagesof plastic pollution are strictly from humans from littering, and improper trash removal. Fines are given to people who litter. Companies have laws to follow that are supposed to ensure proper removal of waste. However, the actions being used to solve the problem are not doing enough. Plastic is still cont inuously filling the water at increasing rates year and every year and by every single country. As more countries develop, more plastic is poured into the oceans. Due to human pollution, the marineRead MorePersuasive Essay On Air Pollution1304 Words   |  6 Pagesdeaths? Did you know there is something CNN reported that caused around 8 million deaths in 2012. CNN says this is the reason for 1 in every 8 deaths. Do you know what it is? It is actually air pollution. I want you think about yourself and 7 close friends, statistics say that one of you will die from air pollution. Is that not sad? There is something we can do but you have to be willing to do something about it. Now, we may not be able to help on an international scale but we can help our local areaRead MorePersuasive Essay On Air Pollution1099 Words   |  5 PagesPollution is a highly increasing, man- made issue that is continually degrading the quality of the environment. Ocean pollution, industrialization and air po llution are intertwining significant causes to large degradation of the health status of our oceans, air, and people. Polluting one landmark of the Earth creates an even more dangerous lasting impact on the others. Pollution is continually becoming an issue that could potentially become irreversible if immediate actions are not taken. It is urgentRead MorePersuasive Essay On Air Pollution1524 Words   |  7 PagesWhat comes to your mind when you think of pollution? Is it air pollution? Is it water pollution? Both of these are crucial to understand and should pop into your head when think of pollution. According to Merriam-Webster, pollution is â€Å"the action of polluting especially by environmental contamination with man-made waste; also: the condition of being polluted.† I would like the audience to use this definition to further their understanding of what pollution is. This could be anything from an inconsiderateRead MorePersuasive Essay About Pollution1834 Words   |à ‚  8 PagesInteresting in the pollution topic. There are many problems of pollution specially on Los Angeles. Because their problems caused about the air pollution and another environment in the world that we should to reduce it around us. Pollution is killing a several people around the world in a year. It is harmful effects on peoples health and the environment. According to NPR, â€Å"some scenes in the film are shocking, including a visit to a hospital operating room, where viewers see the damage China’s pollutedRead MorePersuasive Speech: We Must Control Air Pollution Essay666 Words   |  3 Pagesaction now to control air pollution The topic I have chosen for today is something we all take for granted-the air. Most of us hardly ever think about it. Its just something we take for granted. But the air we breathe carries pollutants that can be bad for our health. 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Ethical Concerns And Risk Of New Start-Up Business In Australia

Question: Discuss about the Ethical Concerns And Risk Of New Start-Up Business In Australia. Answer: Introduction The advent of globalization and the recent advancements in the technological fields have drastically changed the way the various companies transact their business (Franks et al. 2014). In addition to this, it is seen that the on a yearly basis various new business organizations are coming into business every year. The establishment of these new start-up companies poses a serious threat to the already established ones on account of the innovative strategies which they use for the conduct of their business (Cannone and Ughetto 2014). However, it is seen that the majority of these companies fail to sustain themselves in the business world and therefore had to close down their business operations within a very short period (Cannone and Ughetto 2014). There are various considerations which these new start-up business organizations need to take into consideration like the formulation and the implementation of various innovative strategies in order to sustain themselves in the competitive m arket, the identification of the business risks which might have an impact on the business and the development of effective strategies for the mitigation of those risks (Franks et al. 2014). This particular report will try to analyze the risks as well as the ethical issues faced by the new start-up companies of Australia like PurePonics, Afterpay, Uptick and others. Risk Assessment Risk is defined as the situation in which a business organization stands to gain or lose a considerable thing. It is commonly seen that with the concept of risk various negative connotations are attached. However, the business organizations stand to gain something or the other by means of the risks which they face. Therefore, in the opinion of many scholars as well as critics risks are the potential situations from which a business organization can gain significantly (Sigala 2017). In other words, the various risks and their effective mitigation can be seen as potential future opportunities. It is significant to note that the various new start-up companies face more risks in comparison to the already well-established ones (Franks et al. 2014). For example, the risks which a start-up company faces in a particular sector might not be the same as the risks faced by the other start-up companies in other sectors of the business. The start-up company PurePonics operational in the nation of Australia was founded by Steve Gleeson and Paul Hopper in the year 2016 and provides services to the customers in the food sector (Kuivalainen, Saarenketo and Puumalainen 2012). The main tagline of the company is More taste, less waste and grown close to where you live and eat. The company currently is looking for more investment to accelerate their expansion across Australia and beyond (Kuivalainen, Saarenketo and Puumalainen 2012). However, there are some risks also associated with the process which the investors need to take into consideration. The top three risks involved in the process are- The primary risk which the investors need to take into consideration is the risks from the various competitors of this particular new start-up company in the same food sector. Another risk factor which the investors need to take into consideration is terms of the sustainability of this particular company as it is seen that the majority of the start-up companies do not sustain long in the business. Another factor which the investors need to take into consideration is the fact that this particular company depends on the innovative technologies for the production of food items, an idea which is not much welcomed by the majority of the people (Otim et al. 2012). Therefore, the company will have a very limited customer base which is likely to hurt the prospects of the company in the longer run. The company Uptick, on the other hand, offers a suite of cloud-based solutions for organizations that manage, maintain and audit buildings(Uptick.com. 2018). The company in the recent has done good business in the nation of Australia. However, the risk which this particular company faces is significant and some of the risks which the company faces at the moment are listed below- The primary risk which the company is from the threat from the well established companies in the same industry. Another risk which the company faces is that the nature of the services provided this particular company is very narrow and thus the company is likely to get outrival by the other companies which offer more diverse options to the business organizations (Rubin, Aas and Stead 2015). The economic recession which the world is facing at the moment also poses as a threat to the prospects of the company in the longer run. The new start-up company Afterpay, on the other hand, founded in the year 2014 by Nick Molnar offers help to the customers in the way they make online transactions (Afterpay.com. 2018). This particular company believes in evolving the retail status quo to provide customers a better way to shop (Afterpay.com. 2018). However, the company faces a significant amount of risk and the most important ones are listed below- The economic recession which the world is facing at the moment is likely to hurt the prospects of the company in the longer run since it operates in the financial sector itself. The risk which the company faces from the various competitors in the same sector is also very significant. Another risk which the investors need to take into consideration is the fact that the company enables the customers to pay the money for the products which they buy in 4 easy installments. However, it is often seen that the customers does not pay the remaining installments after they have got their products delivered. Therefore, this poses a significant amount of risk to the company. Therefore, the various investors as well as the entrepreneur need to take these risks faced by the various new start-up companies into consideration for the formulation and the implementation of strategies which is likely to bring about the overall growth and the development of their business operations (cs, Szerb and Autio 2015). In addition to this, the investors needs to make a thorough inspection of the company and also the nature of their business and the risks faced by them before making into investment in these business organizations (cs, Szerb and Autio 2015). It is significant to note that the risks posed by the competitors and economic can easily be overcome by the development of effective strategies and thus the primary focus of the investors and the entrepreneur should be on the nature of the business of the company and the prospects of their future growth. Ethical Issues The various ethical issues arise when the business organizations have to make a decision as regards to whether they should do the thing which is likely to enhance the prospects of their business or the thing which is ethically correct (Slade and Prinsloo 2013). The ethical issues faced by the company PurePonics are listed below- Focus more on the quantity rather than the quality of the products manufactured by it. Use of unhealthy chemicals to increase it amount of products manufactured by it. The supply of chemically prepared food products to the customers. The ethical issues faced by the company Uptick are listed below- The use of the data and financial records of the company to which it provides services The unethical use of the latest innovations as well as technology The use of unethical means to bring about the overall growth as well as development of their business The ethical issues faced by the company Afterpay are listed below- The use of the financial details of the customers in an unethical manner The charging of unjustified interest rates from the customers The use of the identity of the customers to do unethical things These ethical issues play a vital role in the decision making process of the business organizations concerned. It is often seen that there is a tendency among the business organizations to bring about an overall growth as well as development of their business organization and to achieve this particular goal the business organizations often resort to activities which can improve their prospects but are very unethical (Ford and Richardson 2013). Therefore, the various investors as well as the entrepreneurs need to take these factors into consideration as their association with a business organization which uses unfair means to increase its business can harm their reputation as well in the longer run by their association with those business organizations (Slade and Prinsloo 2013). Top Three Risks / Ethical Issues It is significant to note that on the basis of the above given analysis there are three major risk factors and ethical issues which the three new start-up companies face at the moment. The primary risk which the all the new start-up companies face is the risk from the factor of economic recession (Franks et al. 2014). It is to be noted that the economic factor plays an important role in the overall growth as well as the development of the business organizations. Therefore, if there is a recession then it is likely to affect the business of the various new start-up companies in a significant manner. The new start-up companies require an economic stable environment more than the already established companies as they need to take care of the cost of the establishment of the company, promotional costs and various others and in addition to these the new start-up companies generally do not reliable investors until and unless they have well established themselves in the market. Therefore, t he risk factor related to the economic recession is likely to play a significant role in the process of the overall growth as well as the development of the business organizations concerned (Franks et al. 2014). The second risk factor which the various new business organizations need to take into consideration is the threat from the competitors who have already established themselves in the business. It is significant to note that the risk from the competitors is a significant one for all the business organizations however for the new start-up companies it is a bit more as in the initial phase of their business they need to consider not only the variousmanagement and promotional issues but also the threat from the competitors who have already established themselves in the business long ago and use various innovative and new strategies to outrival their competitors in the business market. The primary ethical issue which the various new start-up business organizations face is whether they should focus on quality or quantity (Ford and Richardson 2013). It is significant to note that the major interest of the start-up companies is to capture the market with their products and thus many of the business organizations end up using unethical means for the production of the products and services offered by them to the customers. Therefore, the business organizations are often in a dilemma whether they do the thing which will lead to the overall growth as well as the development of the business organization concerned or they should do the thing which is ethically correct even if it might hurt the prospects of the business organization in the longer run (Floyd et al. 2013). Conclusion To conclude, the new start-up business organizations face a considerable amount of risk and also ethical issues. In this particular context it is interesting to note that almost all the business organizations face a considerable amount of business risks and ethical issues however the risks as well as ethical issues faced by the new start-up business organizations in more in comparison to the ones faced by the already established ones. Therefore, the new start-up business organizations need to device various effective strategies by means of which they can outrival the already established ones in the business market. It is significant to note that these strategies need to innovative as well as in synchronization with the requirements of the present times for them to be effective. In addition to that, the new start-up business organizations can also take the help of various risk mitigation strategies in a bid to bring about their overall growth and development. References cs, Z.J., Szerb, L. and Autio, E., 2015. The global entrepreneurship and development index. InGlobal Entrepreneurship and Development Index 2014(pp. 39-64). Springer, Cham. Afterpay.com. 2018.Afterpay it! - Afterpay - Shop Now. Get it Now. Pay it in 4.. [online] Available at: https://www.afterpay.com/en-AU/index [Accessed 6 Apr. 2018]. Bell, L.W., Moore, A.D. and Kirkegaard, J.A., 2014. Evolution in croplivestock integration systems that improve farm productivity and environmental performance in Australia.European Journal of Agronomy,57, pp.10-20. Cannone, G. and Ughetto, E., 2014. Born globals: A cross-country survey on high-tech start-ups.International Business Review,23(1), pp.272-283. Floyd, L.A., Xu, F., Atkins, R. and Caldwell, C., 2013. Ethical outcomes and business ethics: Toward improving business ethics education.Journal of business ethics,117(4), pp.753-776. Ford, R.C. and Richardson, W.D., 2013. Ethical decision making: A review of the empirical literature. InCitation classics from the Journal of Business Ethics(pp. 19-44). Springer, Dordrecht. Franks, D.M., Davis, R., Bebbington, A.J., Ali, S.H., Kemp, D. and Scurrah, M., 2014. Conflict translates environmental and social risk into business costs.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,111(21), pp.7576-7581. Kuivalainen, O., Saarenketo, S. and Puumalainen, K., 2012. Start-up patterns of internationalization: A framework and its application in the context of knowledge-intensive SMEs.EuropeanManagement Journal,30(4), pp.372-385. Otim, S., Dow, K.E., Grover, V. and Wong, J.A., 2012. The impact of information technology investments on downside risk of the firm: alternative measurement of the business value of IT.Journal ofManagement Information Systems,29(1), pp.159-194. Rubin, T.H., Aas, T.H. and Stead, A., 2015. Knowledge flow in technological business incubators: Evidence from Australia and Israel.Technovation,41, pp.11-24. Sigala, M., 2017. Collaborative commerce in tourism: implications for research and industry.Current Issues in Tourism,20(4), pp.346-355. Slade, S. and Prinsloo, P., 2013. Learning analytics: Ethical issues and dilemmas.American Behavioral Scientist,57(10), pp.1510-1529. Uptick.com. 2018.Uptick. [online] Available at: https://www.uptick.com/ [Accessed 6 Apr. 2018].

Landscape Architecture for Risks and Uncertainties -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theLandscape Architecture for Risks and Uncertainties. Answer: Introduction Urbanization can be defined in a number of ways. For instance, it can be defined as a rise in the uses of energy as result of the increased population together with extensive modification of the landscape. In the United States, urbanization is slowly gaining mileage in most states as most places are being turned into urban centers. It results in a system which makes it difficult for the existence of natural resources since most of the places that perhaps would be occupied by the natural resources are taken up by the buildings and the structures(Brown, 2008). Hence, natural areas in the context of urban set up are defined as those areas which are not occupied by human beings .hence, those areas can be grouped as ponds, lakes, parks or even streams. The main aim of this research paper is to determine how urbanization can be integrated into the context of the ecological research topic.in this research paper, the analysis is provided which clearly demonstrates how urbanization provides ecological answers and the importance of urbanization. Besides, a framework which entails ecological urbanization has also been providing. The I rise of urban centers in most parts of the North America is a sufficient evidence that there is a great need for the ecosystems with regards to urbanization,(Clarke, 2015). The differences in physical, chemical and biotic ecosystems related to urbanization provide an exemplary connection that can be exploited by ecology. To offer a solution to the currently existing ecological challenges, land planners and landscape architects are tasked with a unique duty towards the society. These are personnels that have the technological expertise on the land design, planning and solving problems. There exist some examples of land that exhibit beautiful and impressive harmonies. An example is the national parks and the Italian cemetery which the planner and designer ensured that much focus is directed towards culture and nature .the environments were encompassed with biological patterns, wetlands, water, wind, wildlife and physical process. Review and findings Terms and definition Landscape urbanism the theory behind landscape urbanism dictates that the primary and fundamental block of the buildings designed in the city should be the landscape .traditionally, buildings and roads assisted the designer in planning for the urban organization. Urban ecology the ecology refers to the subject that greatly focuses on the urban region and the landscape .the theory describes the landscape as the ecological unit which comprises of structures and functions in a matrix form. The landscape features include the strip, line and the corridors. Hence urban ecology provides much emphasis on the approach to understanding the patterns, drives and the result of the landscape(Brown, 2008) Components of culture and ecology The components include aesthetics, social patterns, transportation, economics, and waste handling. Despite the divergence of these components in the recent past, some of the practices have been maintained. For instance, ecology had gained ground and disintegrated from planning and design .in most cases, the areas that have been of core concentration by the architects and the land planers includes small parks, housing clusters and shopping malls. Human Impacts on ecosystems and landscapes During the early time, it was a necessity for a human to take care of the ecosystems as in the modern day society. This is because nature was able to take care of itself and the human activities were limited. With the ever-growing threat of human population, the biosphere capacity in regards to sustaining the human and plant life keeps decreasing with time. Besides, this has also been contributed to the new technological advancements and the increased use of energy. Currently, all the challenges that the society aces are attributed to the social complexity and the physical science simplicity of humanity within nature itself(Clode, 2010). The increased technological adoption has created some activities which pose as threats to the whole planet. These activities include global warming. Chemical toxicities, depletion of the ozone layer and the slow decrease in biodiversity. Nevertheless, it cant be fully ruled that all the technological activities have completely resulted in negative impacts on the environment.an instance is the acid rains in America and Europe which have been mitigated by the continued use of scrubbers in the ejection of sulphur dioxide. Thus, generally, the human impacts are poised to have a long-term effect mostly on our children and grandchildren. Ecological patterns Regions and land mosaics The main focus of most human is limited to only their own homes, commercial developments and at times to towns surrounding them without realizing that more and crucial forces are losing their value daily. Enacting some new technologies to create solutions even to particular natural areas is not possible since new technological challenges arise thus to bring a solution easily means that those areas are kind of segregated its when they can be managed. The rise in the mortality growth results into increase in population in the cities. However sometimes population drops are experienced as a result of economic fluctuations thereby leading to immigration and emigration. A detailed approach towards the ecological patterns of the urban centres reveals the dynamic mosaic nature of the people. The society boundaries are complex such that even with the use of a satellite, it becomes difficult to reveal the exact boundaries of the city. Some of the ecological patterns that are visible are the bi oecology and Ecoregions. Ecology and design Nature has always been considered as a reflection of culture. This is because most of the landscapes are a function of both a natural phenomenon and human intelligence. The landscapes are designed by the human hands in collaboration with the mind, plants and animals, and finally sun and rain. The values and belief that are held by landscape designers play a pivotal role towards the relation of nature and culture whereas the concept of nature varies widely ranging from place to place, period to period and persons to persons. The landscape designs literally and figuratively help in constructing nature(Committee, 2006). Environmental management During the last century, there has been a great and significant change in the nature of human habitation from rural to urban. The logical research focused on the urban ecology particularly on patches and entire structure contributions reveal the direct relationship to ecosystems. There lie several benefits with regards to the operation of the ecosystems in the urban boundaries .or instance in the flow of water alongside the promotion of health and environment helps in improving the life in the cities. Case studies of projects that were undertaken by designs Australian estate The Australian estate was strategically positioned land and research says that not even a single estate has enjoyed the cool and strategic positioning like Australia. Approximately covering 7.8 million square kilometres, Australian estate encompassed a broad diversity of cultures and species. Europeans still being unaware of the land, they only came to later realize that seasons were not predictable and was marked by dry and wet seasons. Besides, approximately 70% of the plant life in Australia tolerate on need fire. Hence, the consciousness learnt that plants therein had the capability of tolerating fire became a significant element towards how land could be managed.it allowed the burning of plants thereby allowing the regeneration process which benefited the grazing animals by providing them with anew habitat and feeding.by then, the animals did not have so many predators, perhaps the humans only(Handmer, 2008). Besides, there were religious sanctions and laws regarding ecological philosophy were enacted in the land which ensures that all the persons had the responsibility of taking care of the environment. This ensured that there was no wilderness in Australian estate. The Australian natives were guided by the law which stated that they had to leave the worlds the way they had found it. Only activities that were allowed were those which allowed the balance of life but not its degradation. Millennium parklands The millennium park was greatly affected by industrialization. For instance, the home bush, waterways and the Sydney were initially occupied by mangrove wetlands and water path before the occupation by the European settlers .besides, the waterway that currently represents the millennium park had been occupied by a large industry of ammunition and was the biggest dumping site of the industrial wastes. Once there was an opinion from the society regarding the use of local land and culture e, the Australians decided to protect the land. The dumping stopped and only activities which ensure ecological sustainability were allowed such as landscape designs and housing. Urban ecology Urban places are characterized by a large number of population and buildings. The buildings and the pavement limit the pace that is available for both human and plant life .these urban centers normally experience some changes in terms of their structure which comes as a result of the ongoing fragmentation and the physical disturbance. besides, there is also the aspect of the urban temperatures being high due to the industrial activities in the places and finally there is the aspect of the town soil quality which keeps on changing with time from the chemical activities .there are three main categories of landscape based on the land history, land vegetation, and the necessities of maintenance .the categories includes(Schmithsen, 2014) Natural leftover landscape this refers to the land which comprises of natural plants that grow on the natural soil without any disturbance Efficient landscape this refers to the landscape that is being managed and consists of parks, cemeteries and gardens. These landscapes are marked by plants that grow on fertile soils and they are highly conserved Abandoned landscape this is the largest portion of land that has been occupied by the city .basically, they are plants which are not maintained a sometimes they suffer the consequences of being brought down as a result of negligence an lack of care by anyone. Ecological restoration These can be defined as activities which are directed towards assisting the environment to regain its sustainability and healthiness by attempting to make the environment gain its initial condition despite the presence of many limiting factors .in other words , ecological restoration can be defined as helping an environment that has been damaged to be back into its previous or normal condition. Ecological restoration is characterized by it being able to perform its normal roles, contain natural species, reproducing population, self-sustainability of the ecosystem and finally characteristic collection species(Katherine, 2000). Methods of ecological restoration Phytoremediation of organic contaminants in soil and groundwater This technique is applied to new equipments during the cleaning of places that had been highly chemically contaminated and it is applied in both the organic and inorganic pollutants .under this method, we have some other methods including Ground cover plant and Constructed Wetlands. Most of the industrial activities pollute the environment and in most of the western countries, this has been able to be mitigated by the use of enacting legislative acts on the environmental conservation. Metabolism of xenobiotic in plants This technique operates in three phases which includes the transformation phase where the xenobiotic is chemically modified by the help of oxidation substances. The second phase includes the conjugation phase whereby xenobiotic which has been transformed are inactivated thereby rendering them harmless. Finally, the last phase is the compartmentalization where the xenobiotic which has been rendered harmless are taken into cell compartments. Phytoremediation This refers to the elimination of the plant pollutants by the use of green vegetation .it has been categorized into very many areas including; use of contaminates more so in the elimination of metals from the soil(Tony, 2014). Other methods include; Minimization of bioavailability by the use of plants Volatilization of pollutants Absorption of pollutants by the use of roots of green plants Degradation of the organic contaminants. Removal of contaminated air. Practical applications During the analysis of project related to ecosystems, there are factors which are taken into consideration at the same time but not separately. This factor includes legal, social, microclimate, topographic and specific site information. The applications can either be schematic or hypothetical Schematic application There exist six schematic applications which justifies the principles of ecology. They include Regional application sometimes known as the microscale application which includes a regional wildlife park or can even entail a project in the suburban development Site of micro scale this refers to the cluster of the garden backyard and the corridor for the movement of the wildlife Landscape also known as mesoscale that includes a new road and an urban park(Russell, 2009). Urban conservation Most of the architects and land designers have shifted much focus on the urban areas and this focus can either promote national and regional developments towards attaining a sustainable environment or can be a great source of hunch back. Research says that professional architects have had plans of constructing cities which improve the environment using alternative building techniques such as green buildings .there are factors that should first be taken into consideration towards achieving a green society. These factors include Density the density of the area that is intended to be occupied by a building should be taken into account. Municipal regulations which dictate the habitation unity per hectare, the water supply, parking space, waste management and street width should be considered. This is because higher concentrations in the city results in a threat to the effective management of resources and preservation of species Community the community refers to the interaction of the persons within their surroundings, hence a builder should be able to erect a multifamily structure which provides opportunities to the whole community(Webster, 2008). Automobile the urban industry is dominated by the automobile sector more so the highways, streets, roads etc. The building should be placed in such a ways that there is less pollution from the automobiles and that the buildings themselves do not promote urban congestion thereby creating a lot of traffic jams. Other factors which need consideration include the landscape ecology, politics, and the convergence of ecology and public attitudes Planning and design of ecological networks in urban areas Ecological networks are very significant in ensuring that there is freedom of movement in the corridors particularly for the wildlife and also linkage of the pavements and patches .hence, the development of ecological networks in the urban centers should adopt the greenway techniques which refers to the implementation of the networks in collaboration with green spaces and green belt thereby enhancing green infrastructure(Brown, 2008). Conclusion The research project has provided a Demonstration and analysis of the understanding of the fundamentals of landscape and urban ecology, landscape phenomena, ecological patterns and processes. The manner in which the Landscape Architecture can substantiate its claims and deliver on its promise of ecological design in the increasingly contested and changing world of the Anthropocene has also been presented. From the research, t can be an inference that the adoption of greenway techniques is among the best methods that will help promote the ecological sustainability. various architectural theories have also been providing additionally, various key principles, theory and methods of landscape ecology and the integration of ecological design principles into landscape architecture and planning across small and large scales have also been discussed. This has been punctuated by two key case studies i.e. the millennium park and the Australian estate on how the design principles had been integr ated .the relationship between nature and culture and the influence of the relationship and the practice of a Landscape Architect has been intricately elaborated and it can be applied in different geographical regions(Russell, 2009). References Chrichton, T. (2009). ARCHITECTURES. South Australia: Country Fire Services. Chris, T. (2008). LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE (illustrated ed.). Sussex: Envirobook. Clarke, S. (2015). ECOLOGICAL PATTERNS (reprint ed.). Food Agriculture Org. Clode, D. (2010). urban ecology. Melbourne: Melbourne University Publishing. Committee, F. (2016). ecological networks. Madison: University of Wisconsin. Edward, J. (2012). The RISK MANAGEMENT Manual (2 ed.). Welshpool: FESA, Fire Emergency Services Authority of Western Australia. Johann, D. (2014). ecology. Cape Town: African Minds. John, H. (2008). 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